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Don't Let This Happen to You (Part 3)

When two words have similar meanings it can be easy to mix them up. Sometimes this makes no difference and won't change the meaning of a sentence. Other times, mixing up two words can change the meaning entirely and leave the speaker in a rather embarrassing situation.

  1. "Dear Aunt"

A British man who had just come to China to learn Chinese had fallen in love with a Chinese girl. Writing a letter to express his love for her, he wanted to use the word "姑娘," or "girl," to address her, but couldn't remember how to write the character "娘." He remembered learning that the characters "娘 (niánɡ)" and "妈 (mā)" both mean mother, so he decided to replace the character "娘" with "妈," so that the beginning of his letter read, "Dear 姑妈," or "Dear Aunt."

  1. "I belong to the pig."

The Chinese zodiac includes 12 symbolic animals, 1 for each year in a 12-year cycle. To express which animal-year you were born in, and therefore "belong to," the following pattern should be used:

personal pronoun (or name) + "属" (shǔ; to be born in the year of) + the name of the animal

For example, a person born in the year of the pig would say: 我属猪.(Wǒ shǔ zhū.)

When using this pattern, however, be careful not to mistake "属" for a different word, "属于," or "to belong to," so that "I was born in the year of the pig" doesn't come out "I belong to the pig."

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Idioms and Slang

喝西北风

"喝西北风" literally means to breathe the northwest wind. This phrase describes a straitened circumstance where there's nothing to eat but the wind. There are different stories attributed as the origin of this habitual phrase: one story suggests that "喝西北风" advocates the ideal state of a Taoist: living solely by breathing air; another story suggests that in China, the northwest wind is the most frigid wind during winter, breathing this wind while having nothing to eat further exacerbate the pain of hunger and cold.

Functional Expressions

Forms of Addres...

Within families, adults are rarely referred to by their given names. Rather, the relationship is stressed, so each member is known by this connection. Thus, there is big sister, second sister, third sister and so on. These connections are also distinguished by what side of the family they are on. Generally speaking though, the family title is only used when the relative being called is older than caller. It is considered highly inappropriate and sometimes extremely offensive if a person from a younger generation calls someone from an older generation by his/her given name. Younger relatives are normally only called by their relational title in formal situations. Children can be called by their given name, or their parents may use their nickname.

Language Arcade

Auspicious Chin...

In Chinese culture, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious because their pronunciation is similar to auspicious words. As a result, numbers that have similar pronunciation as auspicious words are viewed by people as lucky numbers that can bring them good fortune.

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