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奇妙的京剧之十

“马前”与“马后”是戏曲界常用的术语。“马前”的意思是加快演出的速度,缩短原有的演出时间;“马后”则相反,是指放慢演出速度,延长原有演出时间。

在解放前,许多饰演二路角色或者班社中的次要演员都是同时搭好几个班社演出。有的一晚上要赶好几个剧场。这样一来就需要在剧目顺序安排上计划周密,将演员在路程上的时间计算得十分精确。才能保证不耽误演出。但实际上经常会有时间上错不开的时候。所以就需要演员在演出时灵活掌握时间。比如,如果六点半钟演员在此剧场正在演出,而七点半钟必须赶到另一剧场饰演另一角色,为了腾出化妆和赶路时间,原本一个小时的剧目就要在四十分钟内演完,即“马前”。同样的道理,另一剧场在七点半之前正在演出的演员,如果此人没有在规定时间内到达剧场并化妆完毕,那么他就要放慢自己剧目的演出,等下面的演员化好妆,再完戏下场,即“马后”。

还有一种情况就是,如果在后面演出的演员十分受观众欢迎,势必观众会对前面的次要剧目时间过长产生反感。那么后台管理人员也会按照剧场的实际情况,要求前面的演员加快演出速度。以满足观众需求。曾经有一次,谭富英大轴(最后一个剧目)演出《珠帘寨》,而前面的演出时间过长,观众按捺不住,竟然将压轴(倒数第二个)剧目《贺后骂殿》的主演陈丽芳哄下台去。

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