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奇妙的京剧之八

也许会有人不明白,为什么在京剧舞台上会长时间的存在男性扮演女性的现象呢?

在戏曲形成时和形成后的很长时间里,中国都处于封建或半封建社会阶段。在这个社会环境下,妇女是没有社会地位的,被视为男性的附属品,从而也没有就业的权利。她们只能生活在各自的家中,不能到社会上谋生。甚至于进戏园子看戏都是被禁止的,连娱乐的权利都没有。

同样,演员虽然社会地位低下,但是也算是社会职业的一种,女性自然是无法涉足的。可在戏曲舞台上,又少不了表现男欢女爱,儿女情长的题材,没有女性参与是无法演出的。于是,就只好由容貌清秀、举止温柔的男演员来扮演剧中的女性角色。久而久之,成为了约定俗成的规定。

随着社会的进步,逐渐出现了一些全部由女性组成的戏班。无论是男女角色都有女性扮演。这无疑是社会的一大进步。但是这个时候,男女同台还被认为是“有伤风化”而严令禁止的。而且,男性旦行演员仍然在嗓音、表演上占有优势,仍居有相当大的比重。随着观众不断进步的要求,为了适应市场,终于男女同台演出的形式出现了,但是并没有妨碍男性旦行演员的继续存在。

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