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奇妙的京剧之七

如果你经常看京剧,会发现一个奇怪的现象:无论是悲剧还是喜剧,最终的结尾基本会是一个大团圆的结局。

在中国传统的思想观念中,“中庸”的概念是根深蒂固的。体现在戏曲中就是“悲中有喜,喜中有悲”。很多喜剧都是发生在剧中人本身很“倒霉”很悲惨的时候。比如《荷珠配》说的是一家富豪,因为遭火灾落难,缺衣少食,不想遇到了自己女儿的未婚夫,并且找到了失散的女儿,最终一家团聚。

也有很多悲剧,其中会存在喜剧成分,例如著名的悲剧《窦娥冤》,在县令监斩窦娥的时候,竟然说:“我今将你斩首,下次不可。”台下的观众当然会哑然失笑。

中国人的观剧心理是特别希望“善有善报,恶有恶报”的,如果剧中的主人公历经磨难,没有枯木逢春,那么在观众的心目当中,会觉得这出戏还没有结束。一定是要让正面角色苦尽甘来,得到他应该得到的,才算有一个圆满的结局。

例如著名的戏曲故事《红鬃烈马》,在全中国的各个剧种当中,都有表现这个故事的剧目。剧中的女主人公王宝钏与身为宰相的父亲决裂,在寒窑中苦度时光,终于把丈夫薛平贵盼了回来。本来故事到这里就结束了。但是在相当长的剧目发展过程中,观众一再要求看到王宝钏有一个更圆满的结局。于是有了这个故事的最后一部分——《大登殿》。薛平贵不仅回来了,而且推翻了原来的朝廷,自己做了皇帝,王宝钏终于成了一人之下,万人之上的皇后,满足了观众的愿望。这一故事也终于完美地流传了下来。

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