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奇妙的京剧之六

作者:包玥

京剧虽然是在北京诞生的剧种,但是它的源流可以追溯到全国各地。

在清朝的乾隆年间,乾隆皇帝为了庆祝自己的生日,下令将全国各地的著名戏曲艺术家到北京来献艺。于是,来自江南、西北、中原的各个地方剧种的顶级艺术家在很短的时间内云集到北京,包括昆曲、徽剧、汉剧、秦腔、川剧等等。

这些艺术家在北京的演出受到了观众的热烈欢迎。热烈的程度甚至导致政府出面颁布政令,禁止某些艺术家继续在北京演出,以防产生事端。

由于北京巨大的演出市场,虽然有些艺术家受到不公正的排挤离开。但是相当部分的艺术家和戏班都留在了北京,继续演出。并且在长期共存的环境下,互相借鉴,互相促进,最终形成了京剧,这一具有国际影响的剧种。

很多著名京剧大师的父辈都是这些地方剧种的名角,比如“伶界大王”谭鑫培的父亲谭志道是汉剧演员,“须生泰斗”余叔岩的祖父余三胜也是汉剧演员,“大老板”程长庚的师父米喜子则是徽剧演员。

所以京剧虽然名字里有“京”字,但实际上是全国许多地方剧种共同演变而来的。


想更多了解包玥或阅读他的文章,请访问包玥个人博客: http://shechuan.bokee.com/

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